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tarkabhāṣā
pratyakṣam
maṅgalācaraṇam
guruṁ praṇamya lokeśaṁ śiśunāmalpamedhasām |
dharmakīrtimataṁ śrutyai tarkabhāṣā prakāśyate ||
pramāṇasāmānyalakṣaṇam
iha khalu prekṣāpūrvakāriṇo'rthijanāḥ sarvapuruṣārthasiddhinimittaṁ pramāṇamanusarantīti pramāṇamādau vyutpāddyate |
pramāṇaṁ samyagjñānamapūrvagocaram | pramīyate'rtho'neneti pramāṇam | tadeva samyagjñānam, sandehaviparyāsadoṣarahitatvāt | avisaṁvādakaṁ jñānaṁ loke samyag jñānamabhidhīyate | na ca saṁśayaviparyāsajñānayoravisaṁvādakatvamasti |yathā sthāṇurvā puruṣo veti jñānasya, marīcikāsu vā jalajñānasya | apūrvo gocaro asyetyapūrvagocaram | gocaro viṣayo ghaṭādiḥ | tasmādutpannaṁ tadarthaprāpaṇayogyaṁ jñānaṁ pramāṇam ||
pramāṇasya kāryam
nanu jñānaṁ kartṛ puruṣaṁ prayojyamartha karmabhūtaṁ yadi kadācinna prāpayati tatkathamaprāpakatvāt pramāṇaṁ syāt ? ucyate | na hi jñānena puruṣo gale pādukānyāyena balādarthe pravartayitavyaḥ | api tvevaṁbhūtamidaṁ vatusvarupaṁ nānyathetyanenākāreṇa niścayo janayitavyaḥ | sa cettena kṛtaḥ, etāvataivāsya prāmāṇyamaviruddham | puruṣastu tatra prayojanavaśāt pravartatāmṛte prayojanaṁ na pravartatām , artho vā yogipiśācādibhirapahriyatām | jñānasya kimāyātam ? ||
kṣaṇikaṁ sannapi pramāṇasya saṁgatiḥ
nanvavisaṁvādakatvena jñānasya prāmāṇyam | avisaṁvādakatvaṁ ca dṛṣṭārthaprāpaṇāt | na ca yad dṛṣṭaṁ tatprāpyate, kṣaṇikatvāt kiṁ ca , rupaṁ dṛṣṭa, prāpyate ca spraṣṭavyam | tato'nyad dṛṣṭamanyat prāpyata ityapratītaprāpaṇāt kathaṁ prāmāṇyamasya saṁgacchatām | na , yadi nāma vastuto'nyadeva prāpyate tathāpi dṛṣṭameva mayā prāptamityekatvādhyavasāyāt pratītaprāpaṇamabhidhīyate | yattu marīcikādijalajñānaṁ tadaprāpaṇayogyatvādapramāṇameva ||
arthakriyāsthitiḥ
nanvidaṁ prāpaṇayogyamidaṁ netyarthakriyā prāptimantareṇa niścetumaśakyam | jñānotpattimātreṇa tu na bhrāntābhrāntayorbhedo'vadhāryate | tataśca kathaṁ tatsamyagjñānamiti cet ? naiṣa doṣaḥ | yaddyapi jñānamātrodayād vaiśiṣṭyamanayoravadhārayituṁ na śakyate, tathāpi jñānaviśeṣodayāddyathaikasya vaiśiṣṭayaṁ tathocyate | tathā hi- yadi nāma mandabuddhirutpattivaśādavisaṁvādakatvaṁ jñānasya nāvadhārayituṁ samarthaḥ , tathāpi dāhapākāvagāhanasnānapānonmajjanāddyarthakriyāṁ dūrato'nubhavato narasya darśanenoccalad dhūmādidarśanena cāvadhārayati | amandabuddhistu paṭutarapratyakṣeṇaivāvadhārayati , na tvarthakriyāprāptyā |
yadyavisaṁvādalakṣaṇaṁ prāmāṇyaṁ tadā śrotrajñānasyādhigatārthāprāpakatvāt kathaṁ prāmāṇyamini cet ? na | arthasvarupapratītirhi prāmāṇyam | tacca bāhyārthakriyāprāptimantareṇāpi sambhavati | yaduktam-
pramāṇamavisaṁvādi jñānamarthakriyāsthitiḥ |
avisaṁvādanam iti|
śabdasya śrutimātreṇaiva caritārthatvāt śrutireva tatrārthakriyāsthitiḥ | yathā ravicandrāmbudacitrādīnāṁ darśanamevārthakriyāsthitiḥ | taduktam -
jñeyasvarupasaṁvittiriṣṭā tatra kriyāsthitiḥ iti|
prathamaṁ tu prekṣāvānarthakriyārthitayā jalānalādāvarthakriyāsandehādeva pravartate |
yadi nāma tasyaiva nāsti sandeho me vartata iti tathāpi sādhakabādhakapramāṇābhāvādyuktaḥ sandeho bhavan kena vāryate iti | tasmāt
sthitametat - āsāditanirantarārthakriyāvyavahārāt paṭutarapratyakṣodayādevārtha pravartate, mandabuddhistu tādrūpyānumānāditi |
ata eva tu pratyakṣasya svataḥ prāmāṇyam | kasyacittu parataḥ | yogijñānasya svasaṁvedanasya ca svata eva prāmāṇyam | anumānasya tu niścayātmakatvāt svata eva pramāṇyam |
apūrvagocaram
tenāyamarthaḥ- prathamata eva yadvijñānaṁ viṣaye pravṛttaṁ tadeva pramāṇam , na tu tatraiva paścādbhāvi jñānāntaramapi , gṛhitagrāhitvena tasyāprāmāṇyāt | yathā ghaṭaṁ nirvikalpakena jñānena dṛṣṭvā paścāttasminneva viṣaye ghaṭo'yamiti savikalpakaṁ jñānaṁ smaraṇarupam , yathā vā parvatādau dhūmaṁ dṛṣṭvā vahniratretyanumānajñānānantaraṁ punarapi tatraiva vahniratretyanumānajñānam|
indriyādera apramāṇam
samyagjñānaṁ pramāṇamityukte sāmarthyājjaḍasvabhāvasyendriyādeḥ paricchedakatvābhāvāt prāmāṇyaṁ nirastam paricchedakatvaṁ hi boddhṛtvam |tacca jñānasyaiva nijarupam | tatkathamajñānātmana indriyādeḥ svarupaṁ bhavitumarhatīti ||
pramāṇasya dvaividhyam , pratyakṣaśabdanirvacanaṁ ca
tad dvividhaṁ pratyakṣamanumānaṁ ceti | pratigatamakṣaṁ pratyakṣam | akṣamindriyaṁ cakṣuḥ śrotraghrāṇajihvākāyākhyam | tasmādutpannaṁ jñānaṁ pratyakṣamabhidhīyate | nanu yadyakṣāśritaṁ jñānaṁ pratyakṣaṁ tadā mānasādi vakṣyamāṇaṁ jñānatrayamindriyādanutpatteḥ pratyakṣaṁ na syāt? atrocyate- pratigatamakṣamiti yaduktaṁ tatpratyakṣaśabdasyāvyutpattimātranimittaṁ pratipāditam | pravṛttinimittaṁ tu pratyakṣaśavdasāyārthasākṣātkāritvameva ruḍhivaśādavagantavyaṁ paṅkajavat | tataḥ svasaṁvedanādikamapi jñānaṁ svasaṁvedanarupamartha sākṣātkarotīti pratyakṣaśavdavācyaṁ siddhyatīti ||
anumānaśabdanirvacanam
mīyate'rtho'neneti mānam | anuḥ paścādarthe | paścānmānamanumānam | liṅgagrahaṇaliṅgaliṅgisambandhasmaraṇayoḥ paścāt yadvijñānaṁ parvatādau dharmiṇi parokṣavastvālambakaṁ tadevānumānaśabdenābhidhīyate | etacca ruḍhivaśādavagantavyam |
pramāṇasaṁkhyāvipratipattiḥ
dvividhavacanena ekaṁ trīṇi catvāri pañca ṣaḍhiti vipratipattayo nirasyante | tathā hi - pratyakṣamevaikaṁ pramāṇamiti cārvākaḥ| pratyakṣamanumānaṁ śābdaṁ ceti sāṁkhyaḥ|
pratyakṣamanumānamupamānaṁ śābdaṁ ceti naiyāyikaḥ | pratyakṣamanumānaṁ śāvdamupamānamarthapattiriti prābhākaraḥ | pratyakṣamanumānaṁ śābdamupamānamarthapattirabhāvaśceti mīmāṁsakaḥ|
dvividhavacanena dvitve prāpte pratyakṣamanumānaṁ ceti punaryaduktaṁ tadanyathādvitvanirāsārtham| tathā hi vaiyāka raṇo brūte pratyakṣaṁ śābdaṁ ceti pramāṇadvayam ||
cārvākābhimatānumānāpramāṇyanirasanam
tatra anumānasya prāmāṇyamavaśyamabhyupagantavyaṁ cārvākeṇeti pratipādyate | tathā hi - sa khalu pratyakṣalakṣaṇaṁ parapratipādanāya praṇayati | parasya ca buddhirna pratyakṣā | kiṁ tarhi kāyavāgvyāpārādikāryādanumeyā | tato'nena kāryaliṅgajamanumānaṁ balādabhyupagataṁ syāt | paralokaniṣedhāya cānupalambhākhyaṁ sādhanamācaṣṭe| ato'sau svayamevānumānena pramāṇena vyavaharati, nānumānaṁ pramāṇamiti ca bruvan kathaṁ nāma nonmattaścārvākaḥ syāt ?
śabdopamānārthāpatyabhāvānāṁ pramāṇāntaratvanirasanam
śābdaṁ ca jñānaṁ bāhyārthāvisaṁvādakatvena pramāṇameṣṭavyam | avisaṁvādakatvaṁ ca sambandhamantareṇa na saṁgacchate | na ca śabdānāṁ bāhyārthena saha kaścitsambandho'sti| tathā hi - śabdārthayoḥ sambandho bhavan tādātmyaṁ tadutpattirarvā bhavet | tatra na tāvāttādātmyaṁ śabdārthayoḥ , atyantabhedena pratibhāsanāt | tādātmyaṁ hyekatvamabhidhīyate bhinnapratibhāsayorapyekatve svīkriyamāṇe gavāśvādīnāmapyekatvaprasaṅgaḥ| nāpi tadutpattiḥ | nāpi tadutpattiḥ , anvayavyatirekābhāvāt | tasmāt tadutpattirityevaṁ vaktuṁ na śakyate | tathā hi - śabdavyāpāramantareṇa svahetoreva mṛtpiṇḍadaṇḍasalilakulālacakrādeḥ sakāśādutpadyamāno ghaṭādirartho dṛśyate | śabdo'pi bāhyārtha vinaiva puruṣecchāmātreṇa tālvādivyāpārādevotpadyate|
atha tādātmyatadutpattibhyāmanya eva vācyāvācakatvalakṣaṇaḥ śabdārthayoḥ vāstavaḥ sambandhadho'sti | evaṁ tarhyasaṁketavido'pi puruṣasya śabdāduccaritānniyatā - rthapratītiḥ prāptā, yogyatā mātreṇaiva pradīpāt ghaṭādipratītivat na caitadasti|
tathā hi -abhinavo nālikeradvīpādāyātaḥ pumānagniśabdaṁ śrutvā'pyagniśavdānna kiñcidartha pratyetīti |
atha tāṁstān saṁketānapekṣya tattadarthapratyāyanayogya evāyaṁ śabdo jāyata ityucyate | tanna | na hyevamasya prāmāṇyamavatiṣṭhate | sarvatra saṁketasya yogyatvāt |tato na jñāyate kiṁ vivakṣitārthamāha, āhosvidanyaṁ veti |
astu vā anya eva kaścitsambandhaḥ | tathā ca so'pi kena sambandhena tayoḥ sambadhda iti praṣṭavyaḥ | anyena caturthena sambandheneti cet , caturtho'pi teṣu kena sambandhena sambaddhaḥ ? pañcamena kenaciccet , so'pi kenetyanavasthāyāṁ antyāsidhdau pūrveṣāmapyasiddhiḥ |
athāsambaddha eva śabdārthayoḥ samvandha iti cet | tanna | yo na sambaddhaḥ sa kathaṁ sambandho bhavati ghaṭasyeva paṭaḥ | atha vaktavyaṁ sambandhasya tādṛśa eva svabhāvaḥ, yena sambandhāntaranirapekṣa evaṁ paraṁ sambadhnāti? taduyuktam | pramāṇasidhde hi svabhāve nottaramabhidhīyate | yathāgnerevāyamīdṛśaḥ svabhāvo yaduta dāhakatvaṁ nāma nānyasyākāśādeḥ | sambandhasiddhau tu pramāṇaṁ kiñcinnirupayanto na paśyāmaḥ | na caivaṁ vaktavyaṁ śabdaśaktisvabhāvādeva śabdānāṁ niyatārthāvyabhicāritvamiti | tathā hi - yadi ghaṭa ityayaṁ śabdaḥ svabhāvādeva kambugrīvākāraṁ vārisaṁdhāraṇasamartha padārthamabhidadhāti, tatkathaṁ saṁketāntaramapekṣya puruṣecchayā turagādikamabhidadhyāt | na hi śālibījaṁ svahetoraṅkurajananasvabhāvamutpannaṁ saṁketāntamapekṣya gardabhaṁ janayituṁ samartha syāt | nāpyāptapraṇītaśabdānāṁ prāmāṇyamabhidhātumucitam | āptatvasyaiva niścetumaśakyatvāt | tathā hi - āptatvaṁ kṣiṇadoṣatvamucyate | kṣīṇadoṣatā ca paracittavṛttiḥ kācidabhidhīyate | paracittavṛttīnāṁ durlakṣyatvāt , kāyavāgvyāpārādikāryaliṅgasyānyathā'pi vṛttidarśanāt | sarāgā api vītarāgā iva ceṣṭanta iti nyāyātkathamāptatvaṁ niścīyatāmiti | samvandhadūṣaṇena ca vaidikaśabdānāṁ prāmāṇyaṁ nirastamiti pṛthaṅnoktam | kathaṁ tarhi sarvo'yamasandigdho laukiko vyavahāra iti cet | tathā tathā saṁketena vivakṣāvaśāditi na kācit kṣatiḥ | yathoktam ' vakturabhiprāyaṁ sūcayeyuḥ śabdā' iti ||
naiyāyikasammatasyopamānapramāṇasya nirasanam
naiyāyikasyopamānaprapañcaḥ | yaḥ pratipattā gāṁ jānāti na gavayam , sa ca apadiṣṭaḥ svāminā araṇyaṁ gatvā gavayamānayeti | sa ca gavayaśabdavācyamarthamajānāno vanecaramanyaṁ tajjñaṁ puruṣaṁ pṛṣṭavān , kīdṛśo gavaya iti | sa cāha yādṛśī gaustādṛśo gavaya iti|tasyāraṇyagatasya preṣyapuruṣasya atideśa vākyārthasmaraṇasahakāri gavayasārūpyajñānaṁ kartṛ ayamasau gavayaśabdavācyo'rtha iti pratipattiṁ falasvarupāṁ janayatpramāṇam | etaccāyuktam | yatprāmāṇyaṁ nāma viṣayavattayāṁ vyāptam | na cāsya nipuṇamapi nirupayanto viṣayaṁ saṁpaśyāmaḥ | tathā hi - samākhyā nāma sambandhaḥ tasya viṣayo varṇyate | sa ca paramārthato nāsti | dṛśyatve tasyānupalambhena bādhā | adṛśyatve tasya sattāsādhakaṁ pramāṇaṁ nekṣyate | kiṁ ca -sa hi sambandhaḥ sambadhibhyāṁ bhinno'bhinno vā |yadā bhinnastadā tayoḥ sambandhaḥ kena sambandheneti vācyam |
sambandhāntarakalpanāyāmanavasthā | athābhinnastadā sambandhināveva kevalau | na samākhyā nāma sambandhaḥ kaścit | atha sambaddhabuddhijanakatvaṁ sambandhaḥ | tanna yuktam | yataḥ sambaddhāvetāviti buddhiḥ svahetubalāt sambaddhavastudvayādapi sambhāvyamānā na sambandhāntaramākṣiptuṁ prabhavati||
mīmāṁsakasammatasyopamānapramāṇasya nirasanam
evaṁ mīmāṁsakopavarṇitasyāpi prāmāṇyaṁ nirākartavyam | tathā hi, sādṛśyaviśiṣṭaḥ piṇḍaḥ piṇḍaviśiṣṭaṁ vā sādṛśyamupamānasya viṣayastena varṇyate | na ca sadṛśavastuno'tiriktaṁ sādṛśyaṁ vyavasthāpayituṁ śakyate, pramāṇenāpratītatvāt | tathā hi - yadi sadṛśādatiriktaṁ sādṛśyaṁ dṛśyaṁ syāt tadā dṛśyānulambhagrastametat | athādṛśyaṁ tadā tatpratibadhdaliṅgābhāvāt anumānādapi kathaṁ tatsidhdiḥ | sādṛśyapratyayastu svahetostathotpannena sadṛśavastunā'pi kriyamāṇo ghaṭata iti na tatpratyayādapi tatsiddhiryuktā | upamānādeva sādṛśyasiddhiriti cet ? na | yataḥ pramāṇāntarasiddhayoreva sādṛśyapiṇḍaoyoryo viśeṣaṇaviṣeṣyabhāvastasyopamānaviṣayatvaṁ tena vādinā parikaldhdapyate | tatkathaṁ sādṛśyamātrasyāpyupamānāt siddhiriti||
arthāpattipramāṇanirasanam
arthāpatterapi prāmāṇyaṁ pṛthaṅnopapadyate| tathā hi pratyakṣādipratīto yo'rthaḥ sa yena vinā nopapadyate tasyārthasya kalpanamarthāpattirityarthāpatterlakṣaṇam | atredaṁ cintyate - yo'sau pramāṇadṛṣṭo'rthaḥ , tasya yadi parikalpyamānena parokṣārthena saha kaścittādāmyalakṣaṇaḥ tadutpattilakṣaṇo va pratibandho'sti tadā svabhāvaliṅgajā kāryaliṅgajā vā'sau pratipattirityarthāpattiranumānameva | atha nāsti pratibandhaḥ , tadānīmarthāpattiḥ pramāṇameva na bhavati, asambandhāt ghaṭātpaṭapratītivaditi ||
abhāvapramāṇanirasanam
abhāvasya svarupameva tāvannopalabhāmahe, kuta eva tasya prāmāṇyaṁ bhaviṣyati | tathā hi - pratyakṣādipramāṇānāmanutpattirabhāvākhyaṁ pramāṇaṁ mīmāṁsakairabhidhīyate | tatra keyamanutpattiḥ ? kiṁ prasajyavṛtyā pramāṇānutpattimātram ? atha paryudāsavṛtyā vastvantaram? vastvantaramapi jaḍarupaṁ, jñānarupaṁ vā? jñānamapi kiṁ jñānamātram ekajñānasaṁsargivastuno jñānaṁ vā ? tatra na tāvat prasajyarupo'bhāvo yujyate | tasya sarvaśaktiśūnyatvāt paricchedakatvaṁ vā kathaṁ bhavet ? ata eva kenāpi na tatpratidyate| yadāha paṇḍitacakracūḍāmaṇiḥ-
nābhāvaḥ kasyacitpratipattiḥ pratipattiheturvā |
tasyāpi kathaṁ pratipattiḥ iti|
nāpi jaḍarupam , jaḍasya paricchedakatvābhāvāt | na hi jaḍarupaṁ śakaṭādikaṁ ghaṭaṁ paricchinattīti kvāpi dṛṣṭaṁ śrutaṁ veti | nāpi jñānamātram , deśakālasvabhāvaviprakṛṣṭasyāpi sumeruśaṁkhacakravartipiśācāderapi jñānamātrādabhāvapramāṇādabhāvaprasaṅgāt| athaikajñānasaṁsargibhūtalādivastujñānamabhāvo'bhidhīyate tadā pratyakṣaviśeṣasyaivābhāvapramāṇanāmaka raṇānnāsmākaṁ kācid vipratipattiriti | sthitametat- pratyakṣamanumānaṁ ceta dvividhameva pramāṇamiti||
pratyakṣalakṣaṇam
tatra pratyakṣaṁ kalpanāpoḍhamabhrāntam | pūrvoparamanusandhāya śabdasaṅkīrṇākārā pratītirjalpākārā vā kalpanā | yathā vijñapuruṣasya so'yaṁ ghaṭa iti pratītiḥ| bālamūkatiryagādīnāmantarjalpākārā parāmarśarupā vā pratītiḥ | tathā coktam -
abhilāpasaṁsargayogyapratibhāsapratītiḥ kalpanā ||iti||
nanu bālamūkādīnāmantarjalpākāraṁ kalpanājñānamastīti kuto niścetavyamiti ceta, vikalpakāryādiṣṭāpādānaparihārāt | dṛṣṭaṁ cedaṁ kārya bālamūkādau , īptisatārthasvīkaraṇamanīpsitārthatyajanaṁ nāma | bālamūkādivijñānasya kalpanātva sūcanena bhattoktālocanājñānaṁ savikalpakamiti pratipāditaṁ bhavati| kiṁ punaḥ kāraṇaṁ kalpanāvibhramātmakaṁ ca jñānaṁ pratyakṣaṁ na syāditi ceta ? na | arthasvarupasākṣākāri hi jñānaṁ pratyakṣamiti sarvoṣāṁ prasiddham | na ca kalpanāvibhramāvartharupaṁ sākṣātkartu samarthau | tathā hi - arthagrāhakaṁ jñānamarthasya kāryam | artho hi grāhyatvāt jñānasya kāraṇam | yathoktam -
bhinnakālaṁ kathaṁ grāhyamiti cet grāhyatāṁ viduḥ|
hetutvameva yuktijñā jñānākārārpaṇakṣamam ||iti||
kalpanājñānamarthamantareṇa vāsanāmātrādevopajāyamānaṁ kathamarthasya kāryaṁ syāt , arthena saha anvayavyatirekābhāvāt | na hi yadantareṇāpi yadbhavati tattasya kāryam , atiprasaṅgāt | yadi punaḥ kalpanājñānamarthādupajāyeta , tenāpi tadā ghaṭādirartho dṛśyeta | tataścāndhasyāpi rupadarśanaprasaṅgaḥ, na cāsti | ata evoktam -
śābdyāṁ buddhāvarthasya pratyakṣa iva pratibhāsābhāvād nāsti kalpanāyā arthasākṣātkāritvam iti||
etena yaduktaṁ pareṇaḥ
na so'sti pratyayo loke yaḥ śabdānugamādṛte |
anuviddhamiva jñānaṁ sarva śabdena bhāsate||iti||
tannirastam | tathāhi - ghaṭe purovartini uccāryamāṇe tatsamīpavarti bhūtalādijñānamuccāraṇarahitamanubhūyata eva | na ca tathā tatra śabdānugato'sti | na ca vikalpadvayaṁ sakṛditi nyāyāt ||
bhrāntajñānam
bhrāntamapi jñānaṁ nārthasākṣātkāri | bhrāntaṁ hyarthakriyāsamarthae vastuni viparyastamucyate | arthakriyākṣamaṁ ca vastusvarupaṁ deśakālākāraniyataṁ, tatkathaṁ viparītapratibhāsinā bhrāntena jñānena sākṣātkriyate | yadāha ācāryaḥ-
'timirāśubhramaṇanauyānasaṁkṣobhādyanāhitavibhramaṁ jñānaṁ pratyakṣam'||iti||
etena kāmalinaḥ śukle śaṁkhe pītapratibhāsi jñānaṁ , bhramādalātādau cakrādinirbhāsi jñānaṁ , gacchantyāṁ nāvi sthitasya caladavṛkṣādibhrāntijñānaṁ , gāḍhamarmaprahārahatasya jvalatstambhādipratibhāsi jñānaṁ ca , na pratyakṣamityuktaṁ bhavati |
nanu yadi nāma tajjñānaṁ na pratyakṣaṁ kathaṁ tato vastuprāptiriti cet? na tato vastuprāptiḥ | kiṁ tarhi , jñānāntarādeveti kecit |
pratyakṣasya cāturvidhyam
taccaturvidhaṁ- indriyajñānaṁ mānasaṁ svasaṁdanaṁ yogijñānaṁ ceti |
indriyapratyakṣam
cakṣurādīndriyapañcakāśrayeṇotpadyamānaṁ bāhyarupādipañcaviṣayālambanamindriyapratyakṣam | tatra cakṣurvijñānaṁ rupaviṣayam | śrotravijñānaṁ ca śabdaviṣayam | ghrāṇavijñānaṁ gandhaviṣayam | jihvāvijñānaṁ rasaviṣayam | kāyavijñānaṁ sparśaviṣayam|
indriyapratyakṣasya vyapadeśaḥ
indriyapratyakṣamiti vyapadeśasyāsādhāraṇakāraṇatvaṁ nimittam| yathā bherīśabdo yavāṅkara iti | idaṁ ca pratyakṣaṁ yatraiva svānurupaṁ vikalpaṁ janayati tatraiva pramāṇam , sāṁvyāvahārika pramāṇādhikārāditi ||
mānasapratyakṣam
svaviṣayānantaraviṣayasahakāriṇendriyajñānena samanantarapratyayena janitaṁ manovijñānaṁ mānasam | svaśabdenendriyajñānamabhimatam , svasya viṣayo bāhyo ghaṭādiḥ, svaviṣayasyānantaraḥ , svaviṣayānantaraḥ indriyajñānaviṣayādanyo ghaṭādirdvitīyakṣaṇaḥ | tena sahakāriṇā saha militvā , indriyajñānenopādānena samanantarapratyayasaṁjñakena yajjanitaṁ tanmānasaṁ pratyakṣamucyate | tato yaduktaṁ pareṇātraḥ
' gṛhītagrāhitvamandhabadhirādyabhāvo yogijñānasyāpi mānasatvaprasaṅgaḥ avyavahāritvaṁ ca ' iti |
tannirastam | tathā hi - dvitīyakṣaṇagrahaṇāt gṛhītagrāhitvasya nirāsaḥ | indriyajñānajanitaṁ hi mānasam | andhādīnāṁ rupādiviṣayālambanakamindriyajñānameva nāsti , kutastajjanitaṁ mānasaṁ bhaviṣyati ? ato nāstyandhabadhirādyabhāvadoṣaḥ |samanantarapratyayaviśeṣaṇena yogijñānasya mānasapratyakṣaprasaṅgo nirastaḥ| samanantarapratyayaśabdaḥ svasantānavartinyupādānajñāne ruḍhyā prasidhdaḥ | tato bhinnasantānavartiyogijñānamapekṣya pṛthagjanacittānāṁ samanantarapratyayavyapadeśo nāstīti| avyavahāritvaṁ punarasya dūṣaṇaṁ nopapadyate, sūkṣmakālabhāvitvena pṛthagjanairdurlakṣyatvāt | vyavahārāṅgetvena cānabhyupagamāt | āgamaprasiddhaṁ hi mānasapratyakṣam | na tvasya niścāyakaṁ kiñcidasti | yathoktaṁ bhagavatā-
' dvābhyāṁ bhikṣavo rupaṁ gṛhyate, cakṣuṣā tadākṛṣṭenamanasā ca ' iti ||
nanu ca vyavahārānupayuktamupadarśayituṁ kiṁ prayojanam , īdṛglakṣaṇayuktaṁ yadi mānasaṁ pratyakṣaṁ syāt , na kaściddoṣaḥ syādityāgamasyāpi viśuddhiranena pratipāditeti prayojanam ||
svasaṁvedanapratyakṣam
cittacaittānāṁ svasaṁvedanatvasamarthanam
sarvacittacaittānāmātmasaṁvedanaṁ svasaṁvedanam | cittaṁ vastumātragrāhakaṁ jñānam | citte bhāvāḥ caittāḥ , vastuno viśeṣarupagrāhakā sukhaduḥkhopakṣālakṣaṇāḥ | teṣāṁ sarvacittacaittānāmātmā saṁvidyate yena rupeṇa tatsvarupamātmasvarupasākṣatkāritvāt svasaṁvedanaṁ pratyakṣaṁ kalpanāpoḍhamabhrāntaṁ cocyate|
atra kecidāhuḥ -na ca cittacaittānāṁ svasaṁvedanaṁ ghaṭate , svātmani kriyāvirodhāt | na ca suśikṣito'pi naṭavaṭuḥ svaskandhamāroḍhuṁ śaknoti | na hi tīkṣṇā'pyasidhārā svamātmānaṁ chinatti | na hi prajjvalito'pi vahniskandha ātmānaṁ dahati | tathā cittacaittamapi kathamātmānaṁ vedayatu vedyavedakabhāvo hi karmakartṛbhāvaḥ |
karmakartṛtvaṁ ca loke bhedenaiva prasiddham , vṛkṣasūtradhārayoriva | atrocyate , na karmakartṛbhāvena vedyavedakatvaṁ jñāne varṇyate | kiṁ tarhi ? vyavasthāpyavyavasthāpakabhāvena |
yathā pradipa ātmānaṁ prakāśayati tathā jñānamapi jaḍapadārthavilakṣaṇaṁ svahetoreva prakāśasvabhāvamupajāyamānaṁ svasaṁvedanaṁ vyavasthāpyate | tathā coktam -
vijñānaṁ jaḍarupebhyo vyāvṛttamupajāyate|
iyamevātmasaṁvittirasya yā'jaḍarupatā ||iti||
alaṅkārakāreṇāpyuktam -
kalpitaḥ karmakartrādiḥ paramārtho na vidyate |
ātmānamātmanaivātmā nihantīti nirucyate ||iti||
na ca cittacaittānāṁ jñānāntareṇa prakāśyatvaṁ yujyate | tathā hi - na tāvatsamānakālabhāvinā jñānāntareṇa cittacaittaṁ prakāśyata iti ghaṭate, upakāryopakārakatvābhāvāt , savyetaragoviṣāṇayoriva | nāpi bhinnakālabhāvinā , kṣaṇikatvāt , prakāśitavyasyaivābhāvāt | api ca yadi jñānaṁ svasaṁvedanaṁ na syāt , tadā jñāto'rtho iti durghaṭaḥ syāt , ' nāgṛhītaviśeṣaṇā budhdirviśeṣye varttate ' iti nyāyāt | tathā hi -artho viśeṣyaḥ , jñāta iti viśeṣaṇam , jñāto jñānena viśeṣita iti | jñānaṁ cetsvayaṁ na bodharupeṇa pratītaṁ , tatkathaṁ jñānena viśeṣito'rthaḥ pratīyatām | na hi daṇḍāgrahaṇe daṇḍino grahaṇaṁ yuktisaṅgatam | yaccoktaṁ trilocanena -
cakṣuṣo'grahaṇe'pi cākṣuṣaṁ rupaṁ pratīyate , tathā
jñānānavabodhe'pi jñāto'rtha iti ghaṭiṣyate ||iti||
tadasādhu | prastute'nupayogāt | na hi cakṣū rupasya viśeṣaṇam | kiṁ tarhi ? cakṣurvijñānāsaṁvedane kathaṁ jñāyatāmiti codyamakṣatameva ||
yatpunarjñānasya parokṣatvapratipādanāya bhaṭṭenoktam -
yathā ca rupādiprakāśanyathānupapatyā indriyasidhdiḥ , tathā jñānasyāpi sidhdiriti|
tathā hi tatra bhāṣyam -
na hi kaścidajñāte'rthe budhdimupalabhate | jñāte tvanumānādavagacchati iti||
vārtikaṁ ca -
tasya jñānaṁ tu jñātatāvaśāt |iti|
jñātatā ca viṣayaprākaṭyamucyate | tadapi cāyuktam | prākaṭyasyāpi jñānāt pṛthaktve viṣayarupatāyāṁ vyaktau jaḍarupatā , jaḍasya prakāśāyogāt | viṣayādarthāntaratve jaḍatāyāṁ tasyāpi svataḥ prakāśāyogāt | prākaṭayāntareṇa nu prakāśane'navasthā syāt | jñānasvabhāvatve prākaṭayasyāpi parokṣatvaprasaṅgaḥ | tato'vaśyaṁ jñānasya svasaṁvedanatvamabhidheyam | anubhavaprasidhdaṁ ca svasaṁvedanatva kathamapahnuyeta ? taduktam -
apratyakṣopalambhasya nārthadṛṣṭiḥ prasidhdayati | iti|
alaṅkārakāro'pyāha -
parokṣaṁ yadi tat jñānaṁ jñātamityeva tatkutaḥ |
parokṣasya svarupaṁ kastasya lakṣayituṁ kṣamaḥ ||iti||
nanu sarvajñānānāṁ svasaṁvedanapratyakṣatve ghaṭo'yamityādivikalpajñānasya nirvikalpakatvaṁ, pītaśaṅkhādijñānasyābhrāntatvaṁ ca kathaṁ na bhavet ? ucyate - vikalpajñānamapi svātmani nirvikalpameva | ghaṭo'yamityanena bāhyamevārtha vikalpayati , na tvātmānam | taduktam -
śabdārthagrāhi yadyatra jñānaṁ tattatra kalpanā |
svarupaṁ ca na śabdārthastatrādhyakṣamato'khilam ||iti||
bhrāntamapyātmanyabhrāntaṁ svaprakāśarupeṇaivāvabhāsanāt | asadviṣayatvācca bhrāntirucyate | taduktam -
svarupe sarvamabhrāntaṁ pararupe viparyayaḥ |iti||
tasmādanyathā prakāśāsidhdeḥ yadyamī prakāśante , tadā svahetoreva prakāśasvabhāvādutpannāḥ santaḥ prakāśanta iti svīkartavyam ||
yogipratyakṣanirupaṇam
bhūtārthabhāvanāprakarṣaparyantajaṁ yogijñānaṁ ceti | yogaḥ samādhiḥ , cittaikāgratālakṣaṇaḥ | niśśeṣavastutatvavivecikā prajñā| yogo'syāstīti yogī | yogino yat jñānaṁ tatpratyakṣam | kīdṛśaṁ taditi cet ? bhūtārthabhāvanāprakarṣaparyantajam |bhūtārthaḥ pramāṇopapannārthaḥ | bhāvanā punaḥ punaścetasi samāropaḥ | bhūtārthabhāvanāprakarṣaparyantājjātaṁ yadvijñānaṁ tat kalpanāpoḍhabhrāntam | bhūtārthaścaturāryasatya duḥkhasamudayanirodhamārgasaṁjñakam , pañcaskandhasvabhāvaṁ kṣaṇikaśūnyanirātmakaduḥkhādirupatayā pratipattavyam | yatsat tat kṣaṇikamityādyanumānena pramāṇopapannamupagantavyamiti ||
nanu bhāvanā vikalpaḥ , vikalpaścāvastuviṣayaḥ , tatkathaṁ vastunaḥ sphuṭībhāvo bhavatu | kathaṁ vā vikalpo nirvikalpatāṁ vrajet ? kṣaṇikaṁ ca citaṁ kathamekāgrībhavati? viśeṣaśca kasya kena vā kriyatām ? śarīrī ca rāgādivirahānmuktaśceti sarvamasaṁgatam | atrocyate - avastuviṣayo'pi vikalpo vastvadhyavasyatīti bhāvanāto vastuna evātra sphuṭībhāvaḥ | na ca vikalpa eva nirvikalpakaḥ, kiṁ tu vikalpānnirvikalpakasyodayaḥ | anubhavasidhdaṁ caitat bhāvayatāṁ nirvikalpakapratibhāsanaṁ , kāmaśokādivat | na hi dṛṣṭe kiñcidanupapannaṁ nāma | kṣaṇikamapi cittaṁ sajātīyakṣaṇeṣu grahaṇapravīṇatvāt ekāgramucyate | kṣaṇikatvanaiva viśeṣotpattiḥ , na tu nityatvena , nityasyānādheyātiśayatvāt yaduktam -
nityaṁ tamāhurvidvāṁso yaḥ svabhāvo na naśyati|
tasya śaktiraśaktirvā yā svabhāvena saṁsthitā|
nityavādapi kiṁ tasya kastāṁ kṣapayituṁ kṣamaḥ ||iti||
yattu śarīritve sukhaduḥkhayorbhāvādanugrahanigrahāt śarīrī rāgādivirahānmukta śceti vighaṭanamuktaṁ , tadayuktam | na hi śarīraṁ rāgādihetuḥ , kiṁ tu avidyā | anitye nityamiti , anātmanyātmeti , duḥkhe sukhamiti, aśucau śuciteti , caturvipayāsasvabhāvā mithyopalabdhiḥ | ata eva viṣayasukhatṛṣṇā syāt | ātmānaṁ nityaṁ paśyata eva sukhābhikāṅkṣaṇādisukhaheturātmīyaḥ syāt | eṣu cā''saṅgo rāgaḥ | etatpratibandhāśca dveṣādayaḥ | tasmādavidyaiva mūlaṁ rāgāderna tu śarīram | satyapi śarīre yadyavidyā na syāt , kuta eva rāgādiyogāḥ ? tasmājjīvaccharīre satyapi avidyāvirahāt sarvasaṅgavirahalakṣaṇā muktirvītarāgāṇāṁ bhavatīti sarvaṁ susthitam |
pratyakṣasya svalakṣaṇāviṣayatvasamarthanam
tasya viṣayaḥ svalakṣaṇam | tasya caturvidhasya pratyakṣasya svalakṣaṇaṁ viṣayo boddhavyaḥ | svalakṣaṇamityasādhāraṇaṁ vastusvarupaṁ deśakālākāraniyatam | etenaitaduktaṁ bhavati- ghaṭādirudakādyāharaṇasamartho deśakālākāraniyataḥ puraḥ prakāśamāno'nityatvādyanekadharmāntarodāsīnaḥ pravṛttiviṣayaḥ sajātīyavijātīyavyāvṛttaḥ svalakṣaṇamityarthaḥ |
ayogānyogavyavacchedayoḥ bhedaḥ
nanu yadi svalakṣaṇameva pratyakṣasya viṣayo na sāmānyaṁ tadānīṁ dhūmadahanasāmānyayorvyāptiḥ kathaṁ pratyakṣeṇa gṛhyatām ? nāyaṁ doṣaḥ | yato'yogavyavacchedena svalakṣaṇaṁ tasya viṣaya eva , na tvanyayogavyavacchedena svalakṣaṇameva tasya viṣaya iti | kiṁ tarhi , sāmānyamapyasya viṣayaḥ |
pramāṇa phala vyavasthā
dvividho hi pramāṇasya viṣayaḥ grāhyo'dhyavaseyaśca | tatra pratyakṣasya pratibhāsamānaṁ svalakṣaṇam eko grāhyaḥ | adhyavaseyastu pratyakṣapṛṣṭhabhāvino vikalpasya pratibhāsamānaṁ sāmānyameva | tacca sāmānyaṁ dvividham , ūrdhvatālakṣaṇaṁ tiryaglakṣaṇaṁ ceti | tatraikasyāmeva ghaṭādivyaktau sajātīyavyāvṛttāyāmanekakṣaṇasamudāyaḥ sāmānyaṁ ūrdhvatālakṣaṇaṁ sādhanapratyakṣasya viṣayaḥ | vijātīyavyāvṛttāstvanekavyaktayaḥ tiryaksāmānyaṁ vyāptigrāhakapratyakṣasya viṣayaḥ | anumānasya tu sāmānyaṁ grāhyaṁ , adhyavaseyastu svalakṣaṇameva | pratyakṣasya svalakṣaṇaviṣayapratipādane paroktāḥ ṣaṭ padārthā na viṣayā ityuktam yathā - avayavidravyaṁ , guṇaḥ, karma, sāmānyaṁ, viśeṣaḥ, samavāyaśceti| na caiṣāṁ pratyakṣe jñāne pratibhāso'sti | na cāpratibhāsamāno viṣayo yujyate, atiprasaṅgāt | tathā hi - ghaṭādau paridṛśyamāne pūrvāparādibhāgaṁ vihāya nānyatkiñcidekamavayavidravyamupalabhāmahe | yadāha nyāyaparameśvaraḥ -
bhāgā eva hi bhāsante sanniviṣṭāstathā tathā|
tadvānnaiva punaḥ kaścidvibhāgaḥ sampratīyate ||iti||
evaṁ guṇakarmādīnāṁ ca duṣaṇaṁ pratyetabyam ||
pramāṇaphalāvabodhaḥ
nanu pramitirupāṁ kriyāṁ phalabhūtāṁ niṣpādayajjñānaṁ pramāṇamiti prasiddham | tatra kā'sau pramitiḥ , yāṁ janajjñānaṁ pramāṇamiti cet ? ucyate -iha nīlāderarthāt jñānaṁ dvirupamutpadyate nīlākāraṁ , nīlabodhasvabhāvaṁ ca | tatrānīlākāravyāvṛtyā nīlākāraṁ jñānaṁ pramāṇam | anīlabodhavyāvṛtyā nīlabodharupaṁ pramitiḥ | saiva phalam | yathoktam -
arthasārupyamasya pramāṇam ,
arthādhigatiḥ pramāṇaphalam | iti||
etacca vikalpapratyayena bhinnaṁ vyavasthāpyate paramārthatastu nāstyeva bhedaḥ | yathoktam -
tadeva pratyakṣaṁ jñānaṁ pramāṇafalam | iti||
pramāṇatatphalayorabhedaḥ
sākāraṁ cedaṁ jñānameṣṭavyam | yadi punaḥ sākāraṁ jñānaṁ neṣyate , tadā'nākāratvena sarvatra viṣaye tulyatvāt vibhāgena viṣayavyavasthā na sidhyati| yatpunaḥ kecidāhuḥ-pūrvaṁ jñānaṁ pramāṇaṁ uttaraṁ jñānaṁ pramāṇaphalamiti , tanna yuktam | tathā hi prathamakṣaṇabhāvi tāvajjñānaṁ pramāṇaphalabhūtasya dvitīyajñānasyānutpatteḥ ,phalabhūtajñānotpattau ca pūrvasya kṣaṇikatvena vināśāt kathaṁ ghaṭādiviṣayaṁ jñānaṁ pramāṇaṁ bhavati ? nāpi samānakālabhāvi jñānaṁ phalamucitam , upakāryopakārakatvābhāvāt , savyetaragoviṣāṇayoriva |[tasmāt paramārthataḥ pramāṇaphalayornāsti bhedaḥ| kālpanikastu vyāvṛttikṛto bhedaḥ vikalpabuddhau vyavasthāpyate] ||
iti tarkabhāṣāyāṁ pratyakṣaparicchedaḥ prathamaḥ samāptaḥ ||
Links:
[1] http://dsbc.uwest.edu/node/5116